PCB Yolumikizidwa Yokhala ndi Kachulukidwe Kakakulu
GANIZO LOFUNIKA LA HDI
HDI imayimira High Density Interconnector, yomwe ndi mtundu wa PCB wopanga (ukadaulo), pogwiritsa ntchito micro blind/debried kudzera muukadaulo kuti ikwaniritse kuchulukana kwa mizere yayikulu. Imatha kufikira miyeso yaying'ono, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso ndalama zochepa. HDI PCB ndi kufunafuna opanga, omwe nthawi zonse akupita patsogolo kuti akhale ndi kuchulukana kwakukulu komanso kulondola. Chomwe chimatchedwa "high" sichimangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito a makina, komanso chimachepetsa kukula kwa makina. Ukadaulo wa High Density Integration (HDI) ungapangitse kapangidwe ka zinthu kukhala kakang'ono kwambiri, pomwe kakukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba ya magwiridwe antchito amagetsi komanso magwiridwe antchito.
HDI PCB nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi laser drilling blind via ndi mechanical drilling blind via. Ukadaulo woyendetsa pakati pa zigawo zamkati ndi zakunja nthawi zambiri umapezeka kudzera mu njira monga kudzera m'manda, blind via, mabowo odzaza, mabowo ozungulira, cross blind/abried via, through through, blind through filling electroplating, fine wire space small ndi micro bowo mu disc, ndi zina zotero.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya HDI PCB: gawo limodzi, gawo ziwiri, gawo lachitatu, gawo lachinayi ndi kulumikizana kulikonse kwa gawo.
● Kapangidwe ka HDI imodzi: 1+N+1 (kukanikiza kawiri, kuboola ndi laser kamodzi).
● Kapangidwe ka HDI ya zigawo ziwiri: 2+N+2 (kukanikiza katatu, kuboola ndi laser kawiri).
● Kapangidwe ka HDI ya magawo atatu: 3+N+3 (kukanikiza nthawi 4, kuboola kwa laser katatu).
● Kapangidwe ka HDI ya zigawo 4: 4+N+4 (kukanikiza kasanu, kuboola ndi laser kasanu).
Kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa, tinganene kuti kuboola kwa laser kamodzi ndi HDI imodzi, kawiri ndi HDI iwiri, ndi zina zotero. Kulumikizana kulikonse kwa layer kungayambe kuboola kwa laser kuchokera pa core board. Mwanjira ina, chomwe chikufunika kubooledwa ndi laser musanakanikize ndi HDI iliyonse ya layer.
Lingaliro la Kapangidwe ka HDI
1. Tikakumana ndi kapangidwe kamene kali ndi mabowo m'dera la BGA la PCB yokhala ndi zigawo zambiri, koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma pad ang'onoang'ono kwambiri a BGA ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kuti tipeze kulowa kwathunthu kwa bolodi, tiyenera kupanga bwanji? Tsopano tikufuna kuyambitsa PCB yolondola kwambiri ya HDI yomwe imatchulidwa kawirikawiri mu PCB motere.
Kuboola kwachikhalidwe kwa PCB kumakhudzidwa ndi chida choboola. Pamene kukula kwa dzenje loboola kufika pa 0.15mm, mtengo wake umakhala wokwera kale ndipo zimakhala zovuta kukonza zambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha malo ochepa, pamene kukula kwa dzenje la 0.1mm kokha kungagwiritsidwe ntchito, lingaliro la kapangidwe ka HDI likufunika.
2. Kuboola kwa HDI PCB sikudaliranso kuboola kwachikhalidwe kwamakina, koma kumagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woboola wa laser (nthawi zina umadziwikanso kuti bolodi la laser). Kukula kwa dzenje loboola la HDI nthawi zambiri kumakhala 3-5mil (0.076-0.127mm), m'lifupi mwa mzere ndi 3-4mil (0.076-0.10mm), kukula kwa ma solder pads kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, kotero kugawa kwa mzere wambiri kungapezeke pagawo lililonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulumikizana kwamphamvu kukhale kwakukulu.
Kubwera kwa ukadaulo wa HDI kwasintha ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha makampani a PCB, zomwe zapangitsa kuti BGA, QFP, ndi zina zambiri zikhazikitsidwe pa HDI PCB. Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wa HDI wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pakati pawo HDI imodzi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga PCB ndi 0.5pitch BGA. Kukula kwa ukadaulo wa HDI kukuyendetsa chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa chip, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukadaulo wa HDI upite patsogolo komanso upite patsogolo.
Masiku ano ma chips a BGA a 0.5pitch agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mainjiniya opanga mapangidwe, ndipo ma solder joints a BGA asintha pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pa mawonekedwe apakati obowoledwa kapena okhazikika kukhala mawonekedwe okhala ndi chizindikiro cholowera ndi kutulutsa pakati chomwe chimafuna mawaya.
3. HDI PCB nthawi zambiri imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira ma stacking. Kukonza ma stacking nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa, ndipo luso la bolodi limakwera. HDI PCB yachizolowezi imayikidwa kamodzi kokha, pomwe HDI yapamwamba imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopangira ma stacking kawiri kapena kuposerapo, komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba wa PCB monga kupanga ma hole stacking, kudzaza ma hole pogwiritsa ntchito electroplating ndi kuboola mwachindunji ndi laser, ndi zina zotero.
HDI PCB imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wopangira zinthu, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ndi kulondola kwa chizindikiro ndikwapamwamba kuposa PCB yachikhalidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, HDI ili ndi kusintha kwabwinoko pakusokoneza ma frequency a wailesi, kusokoneza mafunde amagetsi, kutulutsa kwamagetsi ndi kutentha, ndi zina zotero.
Kugwiritsa ntchito
HDI PCB ili ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito pamagetsi, monga:
-Big Data & AI: HDI PCB imatha kusintha khalidwe la chizindikiro, moyo wa batri komanso kuphatikiza bwino mafoni am'manja, pomwe ikuchepetsa kulemera kwawo ndi makulidwe awo. HDI PCB ingathandizenso pakukula kwa ukadaulo watsopano monga kulumikizana kwa 5G, AI ndi IoT, ndi zina zotero.
-Galimoto: HDI PCB imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zovuta komanso zodalirika zamagalimoto zamagetsi, pomwe ikukweza chitetezo, chitonthozo ndi luntha la magalimoto. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu monga radar yamagalimoto, kuyenda, zosangalatsa komanso kuthandizira kuyendetsa galimoto.
-Zachipatala: HDI PCB imatha kukonza kulondola, kukhudzidwa ndi kukhazikika kwa zida zachipatala, pomwe imachepetsa kukula kwake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'magawo monga kujambula zithunzi zachipatala, kuyang'anira, kuzindikira matenda ndi chithandizo.
Ntchito zazikulu za HDI PCB zili m'mafoni, makamera a digito, AI, zonyamulira za IC, ma laputopu, zamagetsi zamagalimoto, maloboti, ma drones, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
