Iindidi zeeModyuli

I-PCB yokubhola umva

1. Yintoni i-PCB eyombiweyo emva?

Ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo (i-PCB) esebenzisa itekhnoloji yokugrumba umva ukususa inxalenye ye-vias egrumbiweyo engasasebenziyo, inciphisa ilahleko yokudluliselwa kwesignali kwaye isetyenziswa kuyilo lwe-PCB olukhawulezayo.
2. Ziziphi iimeko eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwee-PCB ezijikeleziweyo?

Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokuthembeka kwesignali, ezifana nezikhululo zonxibelelwano ze-5G, iiseva zesantya esiphezulu, iiswitshi zeziko ledatha, kunye nekhompyutha esebenza kakhulu (i-HPC).
3. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwePCB eyombiweyo ngasemva kunye nePCB eqhelekileyo?

Ii-PCB ezibotshelelwe ngasemva zinciphisa ukubonakaliswa kunye nokulahleka kwesignali ngokususa ngee-stubs, ngelixa ii-PCB eziqhelekileyo zingenalo olu hlobo lwenkqubo kwaye zisebenza kakubi ekudluliseni isignali.
4. Yintoni umgaqo wobugcisa we-PCB ebotshelelwe ngasemva?

Ngokusebenzisa ukubhoboza okwesibini ukususa inxalenye engafunekiyo yee-vias, mfutshane ubude be-via ukuze bube kufutshane nobude boqhagamshelo lomphezulu, kwaye ulungise indlela yokudlulisela isignali.
5. Inkqubo yokugrumba umva iphucula kangakanani ukusebenza kwePCB?

Kwiifrikhwensi ezingaphezulu kwe-10GHz, ilahleko yesiginali ingancitshiswa nge-10%-30%, kwaye ilahleko yokubuya ingaphuculwa nge-5-10dB.
6. Yintoni isiseko sokuqanjwa kwamagama ee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Ithiywe ngokweeparameter zobugcisa ezifana nobunzulu bokugrumba emva, ukuchaneka kokugrumba, kunye nobuninzi obufanelekileyo, njengee-PCB ezigrumba emva eziphindaphindwayo ezinobunzulu bokugrumba emva obulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-±0.1mm.
7. Ngaba i-PCB eyombiweyo ifanelekile kuzo zonke ii-PCB designs?

Hayi, iyimfuneko kuphela kwiindlela zoyilo ezinezandi zesignali ezingaphezulu kwe-3GHz kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zokuthembeka kwesignali.
8. Iyintoni inkqubo yophuhliso lwembali yee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Yavela kwimfuno yeesekethe zedijithali ezikhawulezayo ngeminyaka yoo-1990, kwaye ubuchwepheshe buye baqhubeka bukhula kwaye buthandwa ngokuphuhliswa kwe-5G kunye ne-big data.
9. Iyintoni indlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwee-PCB ezijikeleziweyo?

Ukuphuhlisa ukuya kulungelelwano oluchanekileyo ngakumbi lokubhola umva (njengo ± 0.05mm) kunye nokuguquguquka kwamaza aphezulu (100GHz+).
10. Zithini imigangatho yoshishino lwee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Umgangatho we-IPC-6012 uchaza iimfuno zokuchaneka kokugrumba umva kunye nobude be-stub, kwaye amashishini ahlukeneyo nawo anemigangatho yawo yolawulo lwangaphakathi.
11. Ungayicwangcisa njani ngoyilo lwePCB olujikelezisiweyo?

Kufuneka kubekho indawo eyaneleyo yokugrumba umva ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwemingxunya egrumbiweyo umva kunye neminye imingxunya okanye iintsalela. Kucetyiswa ukuba isithuba se-via sibe yi-≥0.3mm.
12. Ungabala njani ubunzulu bokugrumba umva?

Ubunzulu bokugqobhoza umva = iyonke ngobude - ubude boqhagamshelo obusebenzayo, kwaye ubude boqhagamshelo obusebenzayo buhlala bumiselwa ngokwendawo yomaleko wesignali.
13. Ungakhetha njani ngobukhulu kuyilo lwe-PCB olugotywe ngasemva?

Ububanzi bemingxuma ngokubanzi yi-0.2-0.4mm. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo ukuchaneka kokugrumba umva kunye nobuchule benkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-PCB. Okukhona ububanzi bemingxuma bukhulu, kokukhona ubunzima bokugrumba umva buya kuncipha.
14. Zeziphi iimpawu ezifuna unyango lokugqobhoza umva?

Imiqondiso yokwahluka kwesantya esiphezulu (njenge-PCIe 5.0, i-SerDes), imiqondiso ye-analog ephindaphindayo, kunye nezinye imiqondiso ezibuthathaka kwi-signal integrity zifuna ukubhola umva.
15. Ungawuqwalasela njani ulwakhiwo lwe-stack-up kuyilo lwe-PCB olugotywe ngasemva?

I-stack-up kufuneka iqinisekise ukuhambelana ngokuchanekileyo phakathi komaleko ogqojozwe ngasemva kunye nomaleko wesignali, ilawule ukufana kobukhulu bomaleko we-dielectric, kwaye iphephe ukuphazamisa ukuchaneka kokugqobhoza ngasemva.
16. Ngaba uyilo lokugrumba umva luyazonyusa iindleko zePCB?

Ewe, inkqubo yokugrumba emva yonyusa iinkqubo zokugrumba kunye neendleko zokuhlola, idla ngokunyusa iindleko ngama-20%-50%.
17. Ungalinganisa njani ukusebenza kunye neendleko kuyilo lwe-PCB olugotywe ngasemva?

Yenza ugqogqo lwe-back-drill kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo, sebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokulungisa iimpawu ezingezizo ezibalulekileyo, kwaye ucwangcise ngokufanelekileyo indawo yogqogqo lwe-back-drill kunye nobungakanani.
18. Ungaziphawula njani iimfuno zobugcisa kuyilo lokugrumba umva?

Iiparameters ezinje ngobunzulu bokugrumba umva, ukunyamezelana (ezifana ne-± 0.1mm), kunye nomda wobude be-stub (ezifana ne-≤0.2mm) kufuneka ziphawulwe.
19. Ungayenza njani indlela yokulinganisa isignali kuyilo lwe-PCB olugotywe ngasemva?

Sebenzisa isoftware efana neHFSS kunye neSIwave ukuthelekisa izalathisi ezifana nokulahleka kwesiginali kunye nokulahleka kokubuya ngaphambi nasemva kokugrumba umva.
20. Ungakuphepha njani ukugrumba umva ngendlela engafanelekanga kuyilo?

Yongeza imingxunya yokubeka izinto kuyilo, cacisa isalathiso sokubeka izinto kumenzi, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba inkqubo yokudibanisa uyilo iyahambelana nenkqubo yokudibanisa imveliso.
21. Ithini inkqubo yokwenziwa kwee-PCB ezigotywe ngasemva?

Ukubhola okuqhelekileyo → ukuplata ngombane → ukubhola umva → unyango lodonga olunemingxuma → ukudluliselwa kwepateni → ukukrola, njl. Isitshixo yinkqubo yokubhola umva.
22. Zeziphi izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokubhola umva?

Sebenzisa ikakhulu oomatshini bokugrumba be-CNC, abanjengoomatshini bokugrumba baseGerman Schmoll naseHitachi, ekufuneka baxhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokubeka ezichanekileyo.
23. Ungakhetha njani iibhithi zokubhola umva?

Ikhethwa ngokwemibhobho yemingxuma kunye nobunzulu bokugrumba umva. Iibhithi ze-tungsten carbide zihlala zisetyenziswa, nge-engile yencam ye-118°-140°.
24. Ungawubeka njani isantya sokugrumba umva kunye nesantya sokutya?

Isantya ngokubanzi singu-10,000-20,000rpm, kwaye izinga lokutya liyi-0.02-0.05mm/rev, ekufuneka ilungiswe ngokwezinto zebhodi kunye ne-bit.
25. Ungalawula njani ukuchaneka kokugrumba kwiinkqubo zokugrumba emva?

Ngezixhobo ezichanekileyo, ukulinganiswa kwenkqubo yokubeka, ukulinganisa kwi-intanethi, njl.njl., ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunyamezelana kobunzulu bokugrumba umva kungaphakathi kwe-±0.1mm.
26. Ungazithintela njani iindonga ezinemingxunya erhabaxa ngexesha lokugrumba umqolo?

Lawula ukuguguleka kweebhithi, sebenzisa iiparameter ezifanelekileyo zokubhola, kwaye wenze ukupholisha udonga lwemingxuma emva kokubhola.
27. Ingaba kufuneka i-electroplating yesibini emva kokugrumba umva?

Kudla ngokufuneka ukulungisa umaleko wobhedu eludongeni lomngxuma owonakeleyo ngexesha lokugrumba umva nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kombane.
28. Izinto ezahlukeneyo zebhodi zichaphazela njani iinkqubo zokubhola umva?

Izixhobo zebhodi ye-High-Tg zinobunzima obuphezulu, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima bokugrumba umva kwaye ifuna ukuphuculwa kokumelana nokuguguleka kweebhithi; izixhobo zebhodi ze-FR-4 eziqhelekileyo kulula ukuzicubungula.
29. Ngaba iinkqubo zokubhola umva zingasetyenziselwa ii-vias ezingaboniyo/ezingcwatywe?

Ewe, kodwa le nkqubo inzima ngakumbi kwaye ifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobunzulu bokugrumba ngasemva ukuze kuthintelwe ukugrumba kwezinye iileya.
30. Ziziphi iingxaki zenkqubo eziqhelekileyo ekuvelisweni kwePCB eyombiweyo emva?

Ukungalungelelani kakuhle kokubhola umva, ubude obugqithisileyo bestub, umonakalo eludongeni lwemingxuma, ukubhola umva okungaphelelanga, njl.
31. Zeziphi izinto zokuhlola umgangatho wee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Kubandakanya ukulinganisa ubunzulu bokugrumba umva, ukufumanisa ubude bestub, ukufumanisa uburhabaxa bodonga lwemingxuma, uvavanyo lokusebenza kombane, njl.
32. Ungabulinganisa njani ubunzulu bokugrumba umva?

Sebenzisa iimayikroskopu zecandelo le-metallographic kunye nezixhobo zokufumanisa i-X-ray, ngokuchanekileyo kokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-±0.01mm.
33. Luthini uluhlu oluvumelekileyo lobude be-stub kwii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Ngokubanzi, ubude be-stub bufuneka bube yi-≤0.2mm, kwaye kwiindlela eziphezulu zokusetyenziswa, buyi-≤0.1mm.
34. Ungawubona njani umgangatho weendonga ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Jonga ukuba udonga lomngxuma lugudile kwaye aluna-delanitation nge-metallographic microscope, okanye sebenzisa i-scanning electron microscope (SEM) ukuze ubhaqe.
35. Zithini imigangatho yovavanyo lokusebenza kombane kwii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Jonga umgangatho we-IPC-TM-650 ukuze uvavanye izalathisi ezifana nokulahleka kokufakwa, ukulahleka kokubuya, kunye nokuthetha ngokulandelelana.
36. Ithini imilinganiselo yokugweba kwiimveliso ezingafanelaniyo nezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Iimveliso ezingahambelaniyo zibonakaliswa kukunyamezela ubunzulu bokugrumba umva, ubude obugqithisileyo bestub, umonakalo wodonga lwemingxuma ochaphazela ukusebenza kombane, njl.
37. Ungazilandela njani iingxaki zomgangatho wokugrumba umva?

Landela iinkqubo ezithile kunye nezixhobo ngokusebenzisa iirekhodi zemveliso, iirekhodi zeparameter zezixhobo, kunye neengxelo zokuhlolwa.
38. Ungawuphucula njani umgangatho wemveliso yee-PCB ezigrunjwe emva?

Lungiselela iiparameter zenkqubo, gcina izixhobo rhoqo, uqinise uqeqesho lwabasebenzi, kwaye usebenzise ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokuhlola umgangatho.
39. Lingakanani ixesha lokuqinisekisa umgangatho wee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Ngokubanzi ihambelana nexesha lokuqinisekisa umgangatho we-PCB, ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka eli-1-3, ngokuxhomekeke kwimigaqo yeshishini.
40. Ziziphi izizathu eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zomgangatho wokugrumba umva?

Ukuhla kokuchaneka kwezixhobo, iiparameter zenkqubo ezingafanelekanga, ukuguqulwa kwebhodi, ukuguguleka kweebhithi, njl.njl.
41. Zeziphi izinto zebhodi ezifanelekileyo kwii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Ifanelekile kwizixhobo zebhodi ezikhawulezayo, ezifana nochungechunge lweRogers kunye nezixhobo zebhodi ezilahleka kancinci ze-Isola FR408HR.
42. Yintoni umahluko ekusebenzeni kokubhola umva phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zebhodi?

Izixhobo zebhodi ezingaguqukiyo ezine-dielectric ephantsi zinokulahleka okuncinci kwesiginali, kodwa ubulukhuni bazo bunokuchaphazela ukucutshungulwa kwe-back-drill; izixhobo zebhodi eziqhelekileyo kulula ukuzicubungula, kodwa azinawo umsebenzi ombi wesiginali.
43. Zithini iimfuno zefoyile yobhedu kwii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Kufuneka umphezulu wefoyile yobhedu egudileyo kunye nobukhulu obufanayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ifoyile yobhedu ye-electrolytic eyi-18μm okanye eyi-35μm.
44. Yintoni impembelelo yezinto zokukhusela ubushushu ekugrumbeni umva?

I-coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu kunye nobunzima bezinto zokukhusela zichaphazela ukuchaneka kokugrumba umva kunye nomgangatho wodonga lwemingxuma. Izixhobo ezinozinzo oluhle lobushushu kufuneka zikhethwe.
45. Ngaba inkqubo yokugrumba umva ineemfuno ezikhethekileyo ze-inki yemaski yesolder?

I-inki yemaski ye-solder kufuneka inamathele kakuhle kwaye imelane neekhemikhali ukuze ithintele ukuxobuka kwe-inki emva kokugrumba umva kwaye ichaphazele ukusebenza kwayo.
46. Ngaba izixhobo zebhodi ezingenalo ilothe zingasetyenziselwa ii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Ewe, izixhobo zebhodi ezingenalo ilothe ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokusingqongileyo kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kuyahlangabezana neemfuno zee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva.
47. Ungazikhetha njani izinto zebit zokubhola umva?

Eyona nto iphambili inikwa ii-carbide ezifakwe isamente (ezifana ne-tungsten-cobalt alloy), ezinokumelana kakuhle nokuguguleka kwaye zifanelekile ukugrumba ngesantya esiphezulu.
48. Ithini impembelelo yobukhulu bebhodi ekubholeni umva?

Okukhona ibhodi ityebile, kokukhona kunzima ukulawula ubunzulu bokugrumba umva, nto leyo efuna izixhobo kunye neenkqubo ezichanekileyo.
49. Ingakanani i-diameter yomngxuma ophantsi wokusebenzisa umqolo?

Ububanzi bomngxuma obuncinci obunokufikelelwa okwangoku yi-0.15mm, kodwa okukhona umngxuma umncinci, kokukhona ubunzima kunye neendleko zokugrumba umva ziphezulu.
50. Bungakanani ubunzulu bokugrumba umva?

Ilinganiselwe zizixhobo kunye neenkqubo, ubunzulu obukhulu ngokubanzi abudluli kwi-5mm, kwaye iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zinokufikelela kwi-8mm.
51. Yintoni imfuneko yokuchaneka kokubeka umqolo ngokuphindaphindiweyo?

Ukuchaneka kokubekwa kwakhona kufuneka kufikelele kwi-±0.02mm ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kokugrumba umva.
52. Ungawulawula njani amandla okubhola ngexesha lokubhola emva?

Lawula amandla okubhola ngaphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo ngokulungelelanisa isantya sokutya, isantya sokujikeleza, kunye neeparameter zebhithi ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakala kwebhodi.
53. Ingakanani indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yokugrumba umva?

Ixesha lokucubungula ngomngxuma ngamnye limalunga nemizuzwana eyi-1-3, kuxhomekeke kubunzulu bokugrumba umva kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo.
54. Yintoni isiseko sokulungisa iiparameter zokubhola umva?

Lungisa ngokupheleleyo ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lwezinto zebhodi, ububanzi bemingxuma, ubunzulu bokugrumba umva, kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo.
55. Ingaba kufuneka i-coolant ngexesha lokugrumba emva?

Ewe. Isibandisi singanciphisa ubushushu beebhithi, sisuse iitships, siqhubeke ixesha elide, kwaye siphucule umgangatho wokucubungula.
56. Ingakanani impembelelo yesantya sokugrumba umva kumgangatho wokucubungula?

Isantya esiphezulu kakhulu sinokubangela ukuguguleka kweebhithi kunye neendonga ezirhabaxa zemingxuma, ngelixa isantya esiphantsi kakhulu sichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula. Kufuneka ukufanisa okufanelekileyo.
57. Zithini iziphumo zesantya sokutya esigqithisileyo sokubhola umva?

Izinga lokutya eligqithisileyo linokubangela ukukrazuka kwebhodi, iindonga zemingxuma ezingalinganiyo, ukungalungelelani kakuhle komgodi ongasemva, njl.
58. Ngaba inkqubo yokubhola umva ingenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo?

Ewe. Oomatshini bokugrumba be-CNC banamhlanje banokuphumelela ekugrumbeni okuzenzekelayo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokuhambelana.
59. Zithini iindleko zee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Kubandakanya iindleko zezinto zebhodi, iindleko zokucubungula (kuquka inkqubo yokugrumba umva), iindleko zokuhlola, iindleko zenkunkuma, njl.
60. Ingakanani inxenye yeendleko ze-PCB iyonke ebalwa yinkqubo yokugrumba umva?

Iindleko zenkqubo yokugrumba umva zimalunga ne-15%-30% yexabiso lilonke le-PCB.
61. Zeziphi izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ixabiso lee-PCB ezijikeleziweyo?

Izinto eziphambili ziquka iimfuno zokuchaneka kokugrumba umva, inani lemingxuma egrumbe umva, ixabiso lezinto zebhodi, ukwehla kwexabiso lezixhobo, njl.
62. Ungazinciphisa njani iindleko zokuvelisa ii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Lungiselela uyilo ukuze kuncitshiswe inani lemingxuma egqojozwe ngasemva, kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, kuncitshiswe izinga lokwaliwa, kwaye kuthengwe izixhobo zebhodi ngobuninzi.
63. Ungalinganisa njani iindleko kunye nokusebenza kwee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Misela ngokufanelekileyo imigangatho yokugrumba umva kunye nenkqubo ngokweemfuno zokwenyani zokusetyenziswa ukuze kuthintelwe iindleko ezigqithisileyo zoyilo.
64. Ingakanani iindleko zotyalo-mali lwezixhobo kwiinkqubo zokubhola umva?

Ixabiso lomatshini wokugrumba umva we-CNC ochanekileyo kakhulu liqala kwi-1 ukuya kwi-3 yezigidi zeeyuan.
65. Ibalwa njani intlawulo yokucubungula ii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Ngokwesiqhelo kubalwa ngokusekelwe kwinani lemingxuma egqojozwe ngasemva, ubunzulu bokugqobhoza ngasemva, iimfuno zokuchaneka, njl.njl., ngexabiso leyunithi eliyi-0.01-0.1 yuan ngomngxuma ngamnye.
66. Lingakanani inqanaba leendleko zizonke ezibalwa yindleko yokuhlolwa kwee-PCB ezijikeleziweyo?

Iindleko zokuhlola zimalunga ne-10%-15% yeendleko zizonke, kuquka ukuhlolwa kwe-metallographic kunye neentlawulo zovavanyo lombane.
67. Zeziphi iindleko eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo kwiinkqubo zokubhola umva?

Ikakhulu kubandakanya iibhiti, izinto zokupholisa, izinto zokugaya, njl.njl., kunye neendleko zeebhiti ezibangela ngaphezulu kwama-60% eendleko ezisetyenzisiweyo.
68. Ixabisa malini i-PCB eyombiweyo emva xa ithelekiswa ne-PCB eqhelekileyo?

Ixabiso lee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva liphezulu ngama-20%-50% kunee-PCB eziqhelekileyo, kuxhomekeke kubunzima benkqubo.
69. Isetyenziswa njani i-PCB ebotshelelwe emva kunxibelelwano lwe-5G?

Isetyenziswa kwiimodyuli zeRF kunye neebhodi zokucubungula i-baseband kwizikhululo zesiseko ze-5G ukuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwesignali kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali.
70. Yintoni indima yee-PCB ezijikeleziweyo ngasemva kwiibhodi zee-motherboard zeseva?

Iphucula ukusebenza kokudluliselwa kwedatha ngesantya esiphezulu kwiiseva, inciphisa ukulibaziseka kwesignali kunye nesantya seempazamo zebhithi, kwaye iqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwedatha okuzinzileyo.
71. Yintoni enokwenzeka xa kusetyenziswa ii-PCB ezijikeleziweyo kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki zeemoto?

Ngophuhliso lwengqondo yeemoto, isetyenziswa kwiimodyuli zonxibelelwano ezikhawulezayo ngaphakathi emotweni ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuhambisa isignali zeenkqubo ezifana ne-ADAS.
72. Ngaba ii-PCB ezibotshelelwe ngasemva zingasetyenziswa kwii-elektroniki zabathengi?

Isetyenziswa kwii-elektroniki zabathengi ezikumgangatho ophezulu (ezifana neelaptops ezisebenza kakuhle kunye neebhodi zee-motherboard zefowuni eziphambili), kodwa ngexabiso eliphezulu.
73. Zithini iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kwee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva kwi-aerospace?

Ifuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka, kunye nolawulo olungqongqo kubunzulu kunye nomgangatho wokugrumba umva.
74. Zithini iimfuno zokusetyenziswa kwee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva kwizixhobo zonyango?

Isetyenziswa kwiibhodi zokucubungula isignali ezikhawulezayo zezixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezixhobo zokujonga iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwesignali.
75. Iyintoni indlela yokusebenzisa ii-PCB ezigotywe ngasemva kulawulo lwemizi-mveliso?

Isetyenziswa ngobuninzi obuncinci kwiimeko ezifuna uzinzo oluphezulu lwesignali, njengeebhodi zolawulo ze-Ethernet zemizi-mveliso kunye ne-PLC.
76. Ngaba i-PCB ebotshelelwe ngasemva iyimfuneko kwizixhobo ze-IoT?

Kwizixhobo ze-IoT ezikhawulezayo kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha ezisemaphethelweni, ukubhola umva kunokuphucula ukusebenza kokuhambisa isignali ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokuhambisa idatha enkulu.
77. Ziziphi iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwee-PCB ezijikeleziweyo kunxibelelwano lwesathelayithi?

Kufuneka zilungelelane neendawo ezikude kakhulu, ezineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokuthembeka kunye nokumelana nemitha yee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva.
78. Ziziphi iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva kwicandelo lezomkhosi?

Ifuna ubumfihlo obuphezulu, amandla okulwa nokuphazamiseka, kunye nokuguquguquka kwendalo, kunye nokuchaneka okungqongqo kokugrumba umva kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho.
79. Ungayisombulula njani ingxaki yokugqobhoza umva?

Lungisa kwakhona inkqubo yokubeka izixhobo, jonga ukuba imilinganiselo yoyilo kunye neyokwenziwa iyahambelana na, kwaye ulungise iiparameter zokubhola.
80. Izizathu kunye nezisombululo zobude obugqithisileyo be-stub?

Izizathu ezinokubakho ziquka ubunzulu obungonelanga bokugrumba umva okanye iimpazamo zokulinganisa. Izisombululo ziquka ukulungisa iiparameter zobunzulu bokugrumba umva kunye nokuqinisa ukuhlolwa.
81. Ungaziphucula njani iindonga ezinemingxunya erhabaxa?

Buyisela iibhithi ezigugileyo, lungisa iiparameter zokubhola, kwaye wongeze iinkqubo zokupholisha udonga lwemingxuma.
82. Ngawaphi amanyathelo okusebenzisa umqolo ongaphelelanga?

Jonga ukuguguleka kweebhithi, lungisa ubunzulu bokugrumba kunye nesantya sokutya, kwaye ugrumbe kwakhona imingxuma engafanelekanga.
83. Yintoni omawuyenze malunga nokususwa kweendonga zemingxuma emva kokugrumba umva?

Nciphisa amandla okubhola, khetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zebhodi, kwaye wenze uqinisekiso lwe-lamination emva kokubhola.
84. Ungalungisa njani ingxaki yokudluliselwa kwesignali okungaqhelekanga okubangelwa kukugqobhoza umva?

Fumanisa ubunzulu bokugrumba umva, ubude besiqwenga, umgangatho wodonga lwemingxunya, thelekisa neeparamitha zokulinganisa uyilo, kwaye ulungise iingxaki zoqhagamshelo lombane.
85. Ungaziphatha njani ii-burrs kwimingxunya ebotshelelwe ngasemva?

Lungisa isantya sebhithi kunye nesantya sokutya, kwaye usebenzise iinkqubo zokususa iimbumbulu (ezifana nokucoca ngeekhemikhali okanye ukugaya ngoomatshini).
86. Yintoni ebangela ukwaphuka kweebhithi ngexesha lokugrumba umva?

Ukonakala kweebhithi okugqithisileyo, amandla okubhola agqithisileyo, ubulukhuni beebhodi ezingalinganiyo, njl. Kufuneka kutshintshwe iibhithi ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kweeparameter.
87. Ungazifumana njani iimpazamo ze-short-circuit kwi-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Fumana iindawo zombane ezimfutshane ngovavanyo lombane, jonga umgama phakathi kwemingxuma egqojozwe ngasemva kunye nemikhondo, kwaye uphande imiba yomaleko wobhedu eludongeni lwemingxuma.
88. Ungasombulula njani ukwehla kokusebenza kwe-insulation emva kokugrumba umva?

Jonga ukucoceka kodonga lwemingxuma, qinisekisa ukuba akukho monakalo kwizinto zokukhusela ubushushu, kwaye ulungise umaleko wokukhusela ubushushu ukuba kuyimfuneko.
89. Injani imeko yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Kukho amalungelo awodwa omenzi wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiinkqubo zokwemba izixhobo, ikakhulu eziphethwe ngabavelisi abakhulu be-PCB kunye nabathengisi bezixhobo.
90. Ithini indlela yokhuphiswano lweshishini kwii-PCB ezijikeleziweyo?

Amashishini aphambili alawula imarike yemigangatho ephezulu, ngelixa amashishini amancinci naphakathi egxila kwiimarike eziphakathi ukuya kwezisezantsi. Ukhuphiswano lunamandla, kwaye ubuchwephesha buyinto ephambili.
91. Zithini iimpawu zemfuno yetalente kwii-PCB ezijikeleziweyo?

Ifuna izakhono ezahlukeneyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kuyilo lwe-PCB, iinkqubo zokuvelisa, kunye nohlalutyo lokuthembeka kwesignali.
92. Zithini iimfuno zokusingqongileyo zee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

Kufuneka bathobele imigangatho yokusingqongileyo efana neRoHS kunye neREACH, benciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinobungozi kunye nokukhutshwa kwenkunkuma.
93. Ithini indlela yophuhliso lwemarike yamazwe ngamazwe kwii-PCB ezijikeleziweyo?

Imfuno yemarike yamazwe ngamazwe iyaqhubeka nokukhula, iphuhlisa ukuya kufikelela kubuchule obuphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
94. Injani imeko yophuhliso lwangoku lwee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva eTshayina?

Amashishini asekhaya aqhubeka nokuphucula ubuchwepheshe bawo, kodwa imakethi ephezulu isaxhomekeke ekuthengeni izinto ezivela kwamanye amazwe, kwaye kufuneka kuqiniswe amandla ophando nophuhliso oluzimeleyo.
95. Ithini imeko yentsebenziswano phakathi koshishino-iyunivesithi-nophando kwi-PCB ezijikeleziweyo?

Iiyunivesithi, amaziko ophando, kunye namashishini ayasebenzisana ukwenza uphando malunga nokuphucula inkqubo yokufundisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha.
96. Ziziphi iindlela zoqeqesho lobuchwephesha kwii-PCB ezijikeleziweyo ngasemva?

Ukuphucula izakhono zobugcisa ngoqeqesho lombutho wezoshishino, uqeqesho lwangaphakathi kwinkampani, kunye nezifundo zobugcisa zobungcali.
97. Zithini iimboniso zoshishino zee-PCB ezijikeleziweyo?

Imiboniso efana ne-NEPCON China kunye ne-CPCA Show ibonisa ubuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo zokubhola umva.

I-PCB yokubhola umva

1. Yintoni i-PCB eyombiweyo emva?

2. Ziziphi iimeko eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwee-PCB ezijikeleziweyo?

3. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwePCB eyombiweyo ngasemva kunye nePCB eqhelekileyo?

4. Yintoni umgaqo wobugcisa we-PCB ebotshelelwe ngasemva?

5. Inkqubo yokugrumba umva iphucula kangakanani ukusebenza kwePCB?

6. Yintoni isiseko sokuqanjwa kwamagama ee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

7. Ngaba i-PCB eyombiweyo ifanelekile kuzo zonke ii-PCB designs?

8. Iyintoni inkqubo yophuhliso lwembali yee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

9. Iyintoni indlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwee-PCB ezijikeleziweyo?

10. Zithini imigangatho yoshishino lwee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

11. Ungayicwangcisa njani ngoyilo lwePCB olujikelezisiweyo?

12. Ungabala njani ubunzulu bokugrumba umva?

13. Ungakhetha njani ngobukhulu kuyilo lwe-PCB olugotywe ngasemva?

14. Zeziphi iimpawu ezifuna unyango lokugqobhoza umva?

15. Ungawuqwalasela njani ulwakhiwo lwe-stack-up kuyilo lwe-PCB olugotywe ngasemva?

16. Ngaba uyilo lokugrumba umva luyazonyusa iindleko zePCB?

17. Ungalinganisa njani ukusebenza kunye neendleko kuyilo lwe-PCB olugotywe ngasemva?

18. Ungaziphawula njani iimfuno zobugcisa kuyilo lokugrumba umva?

19. Ungayenza njani indlela yokulinganisa isignali kuyilo lwe-PCB olugotywe ngasemva?

20. Ungakuphepha njani ukugrumba umva ngendlela engafanelekanga kuyilo?

21. Ithini inkqubo yokwenziwa kwee-PCB ezigotywe ngasemva?

22. Zeziphi izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokubhola umva?

23. Ungakhetha njani iibhithi zokubhola umva?

24. Ungawubeka njani isantya sokugrumba umva kunye nesantya sokutya?

25. Ungalawula njani ukuchaneka kokugrumba kwiinkqubo zokugrumba emva?

26. Ungazithintela njani iindonga ezinemingxunya erhabaxa ngexesha lokugrumba umqolo?

27. Ingaba kufuneka i-electroplating yesibini emva kokugrumba umva?

28. Izinto ezahlukeneyo zebhodi zichaphazela njani iinkqubo zokubhola umva?

29. Ngaba iinkqubo zokubhola umva zingasetyenziselwa ii-vias ezingaboniyo/ezingcwatywe?

30. Ziziphi iingxaki zenkqubo eziqhelekileyo ekuvelisweni kwePCB eyombiweyo emva?

31. Zeziphi izinto zokuhlola umgangatho wee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

32. Ungabulinganisa njani ubunzulu bokugrumba umva?

33. Luthini uluhlu oluvumelekileyo lobude be-stub kwii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

34. Ungawubona njani umgangatho weendonga ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

35. Zithini imigangatho yovavanyo lokusebenza kombane kwii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

36. Ithini imilinganiselo yokugweba kwiimveliso ezingafanelaniyo nezigrunjwe ngasemva?

37. Ungazilandela njani iingxaki zomgangatho wokugrumba umva?

38. Ungawuphucula njani umgangatho wemveliso yee-PCB ezigrunjwe emva?

39. Lingakanani ixesha lokuqinisekisa umgangatho wee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

40. Ziziphi izizathu eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zomgangatho wokugrumba umva?

41. Zeziphi izinto zebhodi ezifanelekileyo kwii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

42. Yintoni umahluko ekusebenzeni kokubhola umva phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zebhodi?

43. Zithini iimfuno zefoyile yobhedu kwii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

44. Yintoni impembelelo yezinto zokukhusela ubushushu ekugrumbeni umva?

45. Ngaba inkqubo yokugrumba umva ineemfuno ezikhethekileyo ze-inki yemaski yesolder?

46. ​​Ngaba izixhobo zebhodi ezingenalo ilothe zingasetyenziselwa ii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

47. Ungazikhetha njani izinto zebit zokubhola umva?

48. Ithini impembelelo yobukhulu bebhodi ekubholeni umva?

49. Ingakanani i-diameter yomngxuma ophantsi wokusebenzisa umqolo?

50. Bungakanani ubunzulu bokugrumba umva?

51. Yintoni imfuneko yokuchaneka kokubeka umqolo ngokuphindaphindiweyo?

52. Ungawulawula njani amandla okubhola ngexesha lokubhola emva?

53. Ingakanani indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yokugrumba umva?

54. Yintoni isiseko sokulungisa iiparameter zokubhola umva?

55. Ingaba kufuneka i-coolant ngexesha lokugrumba emva?

56. Ingakanani impembelelo yesantya sokugrumba umva kumgangatho wokucubungula?

57. Zithini iziphumo zesantya sokutya esigqithisileyo sokubhola umva?

58. Ngaba inkqubo yokubhola umva ingenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo?

59. Zithini iindleko zee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

60. Ingakanani inxenye yeendleko ze-PCB iyonke ebalwa yinkqubo yokugrumba umva?

61. Zeziphi izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ixabiso lee-PCB ezijikeleziweyo?

62. Ungazinciphisa njani iindleko zokuvelisa ii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

63. Ungalinganisa njani iindleko kunye nokusebenza kwee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

64. Ingakanani iindleko zotyalo-mali lwezixhobo kwiinkqubo zokubhola umva?

65. Ibalwa njani intlawulo yokucubungula ii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?

66. Lingakanani inqanaba leendleko zizonke ezibalwa yindleko yokuhlolwa kwee-PCB ezijikeleziweyo?

67. Zeziphi iindleko eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo kwiinkqubo zokubhola umva?

68. Ixabisa malini i-PCB eyombiweyo emva xa ithelekiswa ne-PCB eqhelekileyo?

69. Isetyenziswa njani i-PCB ebotshelelwe emva kunxibelelwano lwe-5G?

70. Yintoni indima yee-PCB ezijikeleziweyo ngasemva kwiibhodi zee-motherboard zeseva?

71. Yintoni enokwenzeka xa kusetyenziswa ii-PCB ezijikeleziweyo kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki zeemoto?

72. Ngaba ii-PCB ezibotshelelwe ngasemva zingasetyenziswa kwii-elektroniki zabathengi?

73. Zithini iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kwee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva kwi-aerospace?

74. Zithini iimfuno zokusetyenziswa kwee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva kwizixhobo zonyango?

75. Iyintoni indlela yokusebenzisa ii-PCB ezigotywe ngasemva kulawulo lwemizi-mveliso?

76. Ngaba i-PCB ebotshelelwe ngasemva iyimfuneko kwizixhobo ze-IoT?

77. Ziziphi iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwee-PCB ezijikeleziweyo kunxibelelwano lwesathelayithi?

78. Ziziphi iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zee-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva kwicandelo lezomkhosi?

79. Ungayisombulula njani ingxaki yokugqobhoza umva?

46. Ngaba izixhobo zebhodi ezingenalo ilothe zingasetyenziselwa ii-PCB ezigrunjwe ngasemva?