I-PCB yembobo eyimpumputhe

I-blind via iyi-via exhumanisa ungqimba lwangaphandle kanye nongqimba lwangaphakathi lwe-PCB ngaphandle kokungena ebhodini lonke. Ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-PCB anezendlalelo ezingaphezu kwezine futhi ingandisa ubuningi bezingxenye ngo-15%-20%.

I-Brided via i-via exhumanisa izendlalelo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zangaphakathi ze-PCB ngaphandle kokuxhuma ezingqimbeni zangaphandle, okusiza ukunciphisa inani lezendlalelo nokuthuthukisa ubuqotho besiginali.

Ama-vias ayimpumputhe axhuma ungqimba olulodwa lwangaphakathi nongqimba olulodwa lwangaphandle, angene kancane ebhodini; ama-vias agqitshwe axhuma ungqimba oluningi lwangaphakathi, angene ngokuphelele ezingqimbeni ezixhunyiwe, futhi awakwazi ukuhlolwa ngokubona.

Kungathuthukisa ubuningi bezingxenye, kuhlinzeke ngezintambo eziguquguqukayo, kunciphise izindleko, kuthuthukise ubuqotho besiginali, futhi kunciphise amandla ezinambuzane.

Ivame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni enesikhala esiphezulu nezidingo zokusebenza ezifana namafoni eselula, amaphilisi, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, namakhompyutha asezingeni eliphezulu.

Ubuncane bokubhoboza nge-laser bungu-0.1mm, kanti ubuncane bokubhoboza nge-laser bungu-0.15mm.

Ububanzi be-vias ezigqitshwe ngokuvamile bufaneleka ukuba ngu-0.3mm - 0.5mm.

Ekubholeni okuvamile, isilinganiso sokujula nobubanzi singu-0.75:1.

Njenge-vias ezingaboni, isilinganiso sokujula nobubanzi be-vias ezingcwatshwe ngokubhoboza kwendabuko ngokuvamile sidinga ukulawulwa ngaphansi kwe-

Yebo, ngoba izinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza ziyinkimbinkimbi, zidinga izinqubo ezengeziwe, imishini enembile kakhudlwana, kanye nokuhlolwa okuqinile, okwandisa izindleko.

Kwavela ukuthi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokwenziwa kube lula kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo kagesi kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuningi besekethe yama-PCB.

Baxhumanisa ungqimba olulodwa lwangaphakathi nongqimba olulodwa lwangaphandle.

Zixhumanisa izendlalelo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zangaphakathi futhi azixhumani nezendlalelo zangaphandle.

Ngenxa yokuthi azingeni esakhiweni sonke sebhodi, zithatha isikhala esincane kunezimbobo ezivamile ezimbozwe ngepulasitiki, okuvumela izingxenye ukuthi zibekwe zixinene kakhulu.

Ngokudlula izingqimba zangaphandle, abaklami bangasebenzisa izingqimba ezimbalwa ze-lamination lapho behambisa izingqimba zangaphakathi.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimbobo ezivamile, ama-vias angaboni anendlela emfushane, engathuthukisa ubuqotho besiginali ngezinga elithile, kodwa abuthakathaka kancane kune-vias efihliwe.

Ngenxa yokuthi azixhumi ezingqimbeni zangaphandle, amandla e-parasite akhiqizwayo mancane, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwemvamisa ephezulu.

Azinhle njenge-vias ezingcwatshwe. Ama-vias angcwatshwe angavimbela izimpawu zokuphazamiseka ezivela ezingqimbeni zangaphandle ukuthi zingahlangani nemigqa yengqimba yangaphakathi, kuyilapho ama-vias angaboni exhuma ezingqimbeni zangaphandle, ngakho-ke umphumela wokuvikela unqunyelwe.

I-Blind Via; I-Blind Via Yangcwatshwa.

Zinesilinganiso esiphezulu emikhakheni ye-PCB ephezulu nephezulu, futhi ngokwenziwa kube lula kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, isilinganiso siyakhula.

Izici ezinjengosayizi womngxuma, ukujula kwembobo, isilinganiso sokujula nobubanzi, ukulungiswa kwezingqimba, ubuqotho besignali, ukushabalaliswa kokushisa, kanye nezindleko kudingeka kucatshangelwe.

Ububanzi obuncane bendandatho ye-annular yama-vias afihliwe kanye nama-vias angaboniyo bungu-0.15mm, kanti kuma-vias angaboniyo nge-laser, bungu-0.10mm.

Kunqunywa ngokuya ngendawo yesendlalelo sangaphakathi esiqondiwe kanye nobukhulu bebhodi, futhi kudingeka ukulawula okunembile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ima esendlaleloni esifanele.

Naka ukuhambisana okuqondile phakathi kwezingqimba, gwema ukungqubuzana nezinye izimbobo noma imikhondo, bese uhlela izikhundla ezifanele ukuze uthuthukise ukudluliswa kwesignali.

Yebo, kodwa ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene kuzokwandisa ubunzima kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza, futhi kufanele kugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kungenza isakhiwo se-stack-up sibe nezimo eziguquguqukayo, kunciphise inani lezendlalelo, futhi kuthuthukise ukudluliswa kwesignali, kodwa kwandise ubunzima bokukhiqiza.

Hlela ngokufanele inombolo, usayizi, kanye nohlobo lwama-vias, gwema ukuklama ngokweqile, bese ukhetha izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezifanele.

Isetshenziselwa ukuxhumeka kwephinikhodi ekupakishweni kwe-BGA, okunganciphisa izinsalela zesiginali futhi kuthuthukise ubuningi bomzila.

Zama ukufinyeza ubude bama-vias agqitshwe, unciphise inani lama-vias, uqinisekise ukudluliswa kwesiginali okufushane nokuqondile, futhi unciphise ukulahleka kwesiginali.

Ukushisa kungaqondiswa endaweni yokushabalalisa ukushisa ngezindlela ezifana nokuxhuma i-thermal pad ukuze kugwenywe ukugxila kokushisa eduze kwama-vias.

Ukuxhuma noma ukuxhumana okuqondile ngamaphedi amise okwezinyembezi ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile nokuthembekile.

Ukuxhumeka okuthembekile, ukuhanjiswa kukagesi okuhle, kanye nokugwema izinkinga zokuxhumana okubi kanye nezinkinga zesekethe evulekile.

Ibanga elisuka ku-via liye ku-trace kanye ne-pad lingu->=0.25mm, kanti ububanzi be-isolation pad bungu->= ububanzi be-drill + 0.6mm.

Nciphisa usayizi wama-via, uhlele ngendlela efanele, ufinyeze indlela yesiginali, futhi ama-via agqitshwe angaxhumeki ezingqimbeni zangaphandle kunganciphisa amandla e-parasitic.

Ukuphathwa kabi kuzoba nomthelela. Isibonelo, ama-vias amakhulu kakhulu, amaningi kakhulu, noma angasatshalaliswa ngokungalingani anganciphisa amandla omshini.

Hlela ngokunengqondo izindawo ze-vias kanye nezimpawu, landela izimiso zobuqotho besignali, futhi usebenzise izindlela zokuvikela uma kudingeka.

Landela izimiso zomzila omfushane kakhulu, isignali engcono kakhulu, ukugwema izingxabano, kanye nokukhiqiza okulula.

Hlela kahle ama-vias nama-traces, nciphisa indawo yezihibe zamanje, bese usebenzisa izindlela ezifana nezendlalelo zokuvikela.

Inani elifanele lama-vias lingathuthukisa ukusebenza, kuyilapho amaningi kakhulu engandisa ukuphazamiseka kwesignali, anciphise amandla omshini, futhi andise izindleko.

Hlela ngokufanele izindawo ze-vias ngokwezindawo zezikhonkwane zezingxenye kanye nesiqondiso sokugeleza kwesignali ukuze kube lula ukuxhumana.

Izindlela eziyinhloko ukubhoboza ngomshini kanye nokubhoboza nge-laser. Ukubhoboza ngomshini kufanelekile ezindaweni ezinkulu, kanti ukubhoboza nge-laser kunokunemba okuphezulu futhi kufanelekile ezindaweni ezincane.

Ngokuvamile, ngaphambi kokufaka amabhodi anezingqimba eziningi, ama-via angcwatshwe phakathi kwezingqimba zangaphakathi akhiqizwa ngezinqubo ezifana nokubhoboza kanye nokufaka ithusi.

Ukunemba kuphansi kakhulu kunokubhoboza nge-laser. Imbobo ngokuvamile inkulu kune-0.15mm, kanti isilinganiso sokujula nobubanzi singaphansi kwe-12:1.

Ukunemba okuphezulu, kungenza umgodi omncane ongu-0.1mm, isilinganiso sokujula nobubanzi >0.75:1, kanye nomonakalo omncane ebhodini.

Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokubeka izinto ngokunemba okuphezulu futhi ulawule ngokuqinile izinqubo ezifana nokubhoboza kanye nokufaka i-laminating.

Ukulawula ngokunembile ukujula, ukugwema ukuphambuka kokubhoboza, nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomphumela we-via wall kanye ne-copper plating.

Izinkinga ezifana nokuphambuka kokulungiswa kwezingqimba, ukugoba kwethusi okungekuhle ku-via, kanye nokugoba odongeni.

Ngokuvamile, inhlanganisela ye-electroless copper plating kanye ne-electroplating isetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ugesi uhamba kahle odongeni oludlulayo.

Imfuneko evamile ukuthi ubukhulu be-copper plating bungabi ngaphansi kuka-18μm, kuye ngezidingo zomkhiqizo.

Kudingeka indawo ehlanzekile, engaguquguquki yokushisa kanye nomswakama ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wothuli kanye nezinguquko zokushisa kanye nomswakama enkambisweni.

Kudingeka imishini yokubhoboza enembile kakhulu, imishini yokucwebezelisa ithusi, imishini yokulamina, njll., futhi ukubhoboza nge-laser kunezidingo eziphakeme zamazinga emishini.

Izici ezifana nosayizi wombhobho, ubuningi, izidingo zokunemba, inqubo yokukhiqiza, kanye nezindleko zemishini.

Ukunemba kokubhoboza kokulawula, ikhwalithi yodonga lwemigodi, ikhwalithi yokubeka ithusi, ukunemba kokulungiswa kwezingqimba eziphakathi, njll.

Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukulinganiswa komgodi, ukulinganiswa kwendawo yembobo, ukutholwa kobukhulu be-copper plating, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kukagesi, njll.

Hlela futhi uvuselele, ubuyisele futhi ucwenge imfucuza yensimbi, bese ulahla enye imfucuza ngokuhambisana nezimfuneko zokuvikela imvelo.

Ukubhoboza nge-laser kunokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwenqubo yonke yokukhiqiza kuyahlukahluka kuye ngenqubo kanye nemishini.

Thuthukisa ukunemba, wehlise izindleko, ufinyeze imijikelezo yokukhiqiza, futhi wandise isivuno.

Abasebenzi badinga ukuvikelwa ukuze bavimbele umonakalo we-laser kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, futhi imishini kufanele inakekelwe futhi ihlolwe njalo.

Njengobuchwepheshe bokubhoboza nge-laser obunembile kakhulu, izinqubo ezintsha zokufaka ithusi, njll.

Kunezindinganiso ezifanele zemboni, futhi amabhizinisi nawo anezindinganiso zangaphakathi zokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwenqubo kanye nokuqina kwekhwalithi.

Ngokuhlola ngokubona, ukulinganisa imbobo, ukulinganisa ukujula kwembobo, ukutholwa kobukhulu be-copper plating, ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka kukagesi, njll.

Ngenxa yokuhlolwa okungabonakali, ukuhambisana kwezingqimba kutholakala kakhulu nge-X-ray, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kutholakala ngokuhlolwa kokusebenza kukagesi, futhi ubukhulu be-copper plating buyalinganiswa, njll.

Izindonga zemigodi ezimagebhugebhu, ukuphambuka kwembobo, ukujula kwembobo okunganele, i-copper plating engeyinhle, izinto zangaphandle emgodini, njll.

Ukuphambuka kokuqondanisa phakathi kwezingqimba, izikhala ze-copper plating, amasekethe avulekile, i-residual glue emgodini, njll.

Kuye ngohlobo lwesici, singaphinde sibholwe, siphinde sifakwe ithusi, noma kususwe izinto zangaphandle. Izici ezimbi kakhulu zingadinga ukukhuhlwa.

Kunzima ukulungisa izinkinga ezifana nokuphambuka kokulungiswa kwezingqimba. Kuma-voids e-copper plating, kungazanywa ukuphinda kufakwe i-copper, futhi ukuklwebheka kuyadingeka ezimweni ezinzima.

Ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa okuvamile, ilingana nokuphila kwe-PCB, futhi ngokuvamile ingasebenza ngaphakathi komjikelezo wokuphila wemikhiqizo ejwayelekile ye-elekthronikhi.

Izinkinga ezifana nokugqwala kwe-copper plating layer, ama-open circuits, kanye nokudluliswa kwesignali okungavamile kungenzeka.

Thatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela, gwema izindawo ezinzima njengomswakama kanye nokushisa okuphezulu, futhi uhlole njalo futhi ulungise.

Kuya ngendawo yokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo kanye nezidingo zawo. Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ihlolwa ngokugcwele ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza futhi ihlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

Ama-microscope, amathuluzi okulinganisa ukuvuleka, imishini yokuhlola i-X-ray, imishini yokuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi, njll.

Ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni zemboni kanye nezidingo zomklamo womkhiqizo, njengokubekezelela ukuvuleka, amazinga okujiya kwe-copper plating, njll.

Gcina kuhlanzekile, gwema ukuthinteka kwangaphandle, futhi uhlole njalo ukubukeka nokusebenza kukagesi.

Izindawo ezinomswakama zingadala ukugqwala kwesendlalelo se-copper plating, okuthinta ukuhanjiswa kwesignali kanye nokudluliselwa kwayo. Kudingeka izinyathelo zokuvikela umswakama.

Ukushisa okuphezulu kungabangela ukwanda nokuguquguquka kwezinto, okuthinta ukunemba kwezimbobo kanye nokuthembeka kokuxhumeka. Ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kanye nokumelana nezinto ezishisa kakhulu kudingeka kucatshangelwe.

Umklamo onengqondo ungamelana nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic ngezinga elithile, ngaphandle kwalokho izinkinga ezifana nokuphambuka kwesignali zingase zibe khona.

Qhathanisa namanani ajwayelekile, hlaziya izimbangela zokuphambuka, unqume ukuthi zingaphakathi kwamazinga amukelekayo yini, bese unikeza isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo.

Ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlola kuyafaneleka, futhi ukweqa uhla lokubekezelela noma ukuba neziphambeko ezithinta ukusebenza akufanelekile.

Isikhathi sokulungisa, abasebenzi bokulungisa, okuqukethwe kokulungisa, idatha yokuhlola, izinkinga ezitholakele kanye nezimo zokusingatha, njll.

Ngenxa yesidingo semishini nobuchwepheshe bochwepheshe, izindleko zokuhlola ziphakeme kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kuye ngezinto zokuhlola kanye nobuningi.

Isetshenziselwa imigqa yokudlulisa isignali ukwandisa ubuningi bezintambo futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokudlulisa isignali ngesivinini esikhulu nangemvamisa ephezulu.

Kusetshenziswa kumayunithi okulawula izimoto, izinzwa, njll., ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa, ukunciphisa ivolumu, nokuthuthukisa ukuthembeka.

Isetshenziswa emishinini kagesi yezindiza ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ze-miniaturization, ukusebenza okuphezulu, kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu.

Ingafeza ukwakheka okuncane, ithuthukise ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye, futhi izivumelanise nezidingo eziqinile zamadivayisi agqokwayo ukuze kube nesikhala nokusebenza kahle.

Thuthukisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemishini ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemishini yezokwelapha ukuze ikwazi ukusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ikwazi ukusebenza kahle.

Kusetshenziswa kubalawuli bezimboni, amathuluzi, njll., ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu.

Ukuthuthuka kube nobuningi obuphezulu, usayizi omncane, kanye nokudluliswa kwesignali okusheshayo.

Isibonelo, imishini yezokwelapha idinga ukuthembeka okuphezulu, kanti imishini yokuxhumana ye-5G idinga ukusebenza kokudlulisa isignali ngesivinini esikhulu, njll.

Hlola ukuthi ungqimba lwe-copper plating luhlukanisiwe yini, ukuthi kukhona yini izinto zangaphandle emgodini, nokuthi ukuxhumana nomkhondo kulungile yini. Sebenzisa imishini yokuhlola kagesi ukuze ubeke indawo.

Hlola ukuphambuka kokuqondanisa phakathi kwezingqimba, amaphutha e-copper plating, kanye nemithombo yokuphazamiseka ezungezile, bese uhlaziya ngokuhlola isignali.

Ukugqwala okuncane kungaphinde kufakwe i-plate ngemva kokuhlanza, futhi izimo ezimbi kakhulu zidinga ukushintshwa kwe-PCB noma izingxenye ezihlobene.

Hlola ukuthi azikho yini iziyingi ezimfushane futhi uthuthukise ukwakheka kokushabalalisa ukushisa, njengokufaka ama-heat sink nokuthuthukisa umoya.

Ukwakheka nokulungiswa okunengqondo kungaqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuthile, ngaphandle kwalokho izinkinga ezifana nokuxhumeka okuxekethile zingase zibe khona.

Isifutho sikasawoti silimaza kalula ungqimba lwe-copper plating, futhi kudingeka izinyathelo zokuvikela ezifana nezinto ezingagqwali noma izembozo.

Ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ukushintsha komoya omncane kanye nokushabalaliswa kokushisa kungathinta ukusebenza, kudinge ukwakheka okuqondiwe.

Uma umswakama uphakeme, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi ungqimba lwe-copper plating lubole, okuzothinta ukuhanjiswa kwesignali kanye nokuhanjiswa kwayo.

Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lingabangela ukwanda nokuguquguquka kwezinto, kanti izinga lokushisa eliphansi lingenza izinto zibe buthaka, okuthinta ukuthembeka kokuxhumeka.

Kungalimaza ungqimba lwe-copper plating, kubangele ukuvula amasekethe noma kuthinte ukudluliswa kwesignali. Kudingeka ukuvikelwa kwe-electrostatic.

Ukuhlelwa okunengqondo, izindlela zokuvikela, ukwakheka kwe-trace okulungiselelwe kahle, njll.

Yebo, ukusebenza kungase kwehle ngenxa yokuguga kwezendlalelo zethusi, ukugqwala, njll., okudinga ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa njalo.