Ubuyobozi bwuzuye ku buryo bwo gukora PCB | Gusobanura uko HDI PCB ikorwa
Inyuma ya buri gikoresho cy’ikoranabuhanga cyizewe hari ikibaho cy’ikoranabuhanga cyacapwe neza cyane (PCB). Kuva ku bikorwa remezo bya 5G kugeza ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga by’imodoka, ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, n’ibikoresho by’abaguzi, PCB ni inkingi y’ingenzi ya sisitemu z’ikoranabuhanga. Gusobanukirwa inzira irambuye yo gukora ni ingenzi ku bahanga mu by’ibishushanyo mbonera, abayobozi b’ubuziranenge, n’abashinzwe gutanga amasoko bagamije gukora neza no kwizerwa.
Muri iyi nkuru, turagaragaza uburyo bwose bwo gukora PCB, kuva ku ishusho y’imbere kugeza ku igenzura rya nyuma. Turanasuzuma uburyo bwihariye bwa HDI (High-Density Interconnect) butuma habaho ubucucike bwinshi bw’inzira n’ibintu bito.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora PCB: Intambwe z'ingenzi zasobanuwe
1. Ishusho ya IL (Ifoto y'Imbere mu Rwego)
Imiterere y'uruziga yimurirwa ku bice by'imbere by'umuringa hakoreshejwe tekiniki ya photolithography, igakora ibimenyetso by'ibanze bya PCB z'ibice byinshi.
2. I/L AOI (Inner Layer Automated Optical Inspection)
Imashini za AOI zifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza imiterere y'imbere y'imashini kugira ngo zirebe niba hari udupira duto, utuguru, n'udukoko tw'imiterere, kandi zikareba neza ko imiterere yazo ari myiza mbere yo kuyishyira mu mwanya wayo.
3. B/Oxyde (Ubuvuzi bwa Oxyde y'umukara cyangwa Oxidation)3. B/Oxyde
Igishishwa cya okiside cyangwa okiside y'umukara gishyirwa ku buso bw'imbere bw'umuringa kugira ngo cyongere gufatana n'ibice bya prepreg mu gihe cyo gusimbuza.
4. Kwiyandikisha mu kibuga (Layup)
Uduce tw'imbere, prepreg (resini ifunze neza), n'udupira tw'umuringa two hanze bishyirwa hamwe hakurikijwe imiterere kugira ngo bitegure guhuza uduce twinshi.
5. Gukanda (Lamination)
Iki gikoresho gishyirwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mu cyuma gikoresha lamination, bigahuza ibice by'ingenzi mu gice cy'ingenzi cya PCB gifite ibara ry'urukiramende rwinshi.
6. Gucukura hakoreshejwe laser
Microvia zicukurwa hakoreshejwe laser kugira ngo zihuze urwego rw'inyuma n'urwego rw'imbere rwihariye, ingenzi ku miterere ya BGA (ishusho nziza ya BGA) na HDI.
7. Gucukura (Imashini)
8. PTH (Ifite umwobo unyuze mu mwobo)
Utwobo two mu nzira dushyirwamo umuringa hakoreshejwe imiti n'amashanyarazi kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo guhuza amashanyarazi mu byiciro byinshi.
9. Gushyiramo ibipande
Intambwe yo gushyiramo umuringa wuzuye yongera ubugari bw'inzira ziyobora kandi igatuma icyuma gishyirwa mu myobo imwe.
10. Ishusho ya O/L (Ishusho y'Inyuma y'Icyiciro)
Imiterere y'uruziga yimurirwa ku dupapuro tw'umuringa two hanze hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa photoresist na UV exposure, kimwe n'ishusho y'imbere mu cyiciro.
11. Gushyiramo ibishushanyo
Gushyiramo umuringa mu buryo bwa gakondo bishimangira ahantu hakora imirongo y'uruziga mu gihe umuringa utari uw'ingenzi ukurwa mu ntambwe ikurikira.
12. Gushushanya SES
Ibikoresho by’ubutabire bishongesha umuringa udakingiwe, bigasiga ibintu bihuye n’imiterere y’igishushanyo mbonera.
13. O/L AOI (AOI yo hanze)
Uduce tw'inyuma dukorerwa igenzura ryikora ryikora kugira ngo hamenyekane inenge iyo ari yo yose nko gufungura, amakabutura magufi, cyangwa imiterere idahwitse.
14. Gupfuka (Gukoresha agapfuka)
Wino yo gupfuka igipfukamunwa irashyirwaho kandi igashushanywa binyuze mu buryo bwo kuyishyiramo no kuyitunganya kugira ngo ikibaho kidapfa gushonga no gukumira ibiraro byo gupfuka mu gihe cyo guteranya.
15. Ibisobanuro (Icapiro rya Silkscreen)
Ibiranga ibice, ibirango, n'ibiranga indangamuntu biracapwa kugira ngo bifashe mu guteranya, gupima no gutunganya.
16. Gutunganya ubuso (Gutunganya ubuso)
Ishami ry'ibumoso (Ibintu birangira neza):
●ENIG (Indabyo ya Nickel Immersion Gold idafite amashanyarazi)
●ENEPIG (Nikeli idafite amashanyarazi idafite Palladium immersion Gold)
●Zahabu ikomeye, Zahabu yoroshye
●HASL (Hot Air Solder Leveling) na LF-HASL (Idafite Lead)
Izi ntungamubiri zongerera ubushobozi bwo gusora, kudakoresha ogisijeni, no guhuza insinga.
Ishami ry'iburyo (Ibintu bisimburana):
●Ibati ryo kwibiramo, ifeza yo kwibiramo
●OSP (Ibikoresho byo kubungabunga ubushobozi bwo gusongera ibintu mu buryo bw'umwimerere) OSP
Ibi birahendutse kandi birakwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ya RoHS.
17. Uburyo bwo gukora (CNC Profiling)
Hakoreshejwe router za CNC cyangwa imashini zicukura V, PCB irasya kugeza ku gishushanyo cyayo cya nyuma hanyuma igatandukana mo imbaho zitandukanye.
18. ET (Isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi)
Ibizamini birambuye/bigufi byemeza ko imiyoboro yose ihujwe neza kandi ko nta kibazo cy'amashanyarazi kirimo.
19. FV (Igenzura rya nyuma ry'amaso)
Abagenzuzi b'abahanga bakora igenzura ry'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho n'intoki kugira ngo bamenye inenge cyangwa ibitagenda neza mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa.
Gukora PCB za HDI: Intambwe zongerewe zo gushushanya ibishushanyo mbonera by’ubucucike bwinshiHDI PCB
PCB za HDI (High-Density Interconnect) zirenze inzira zisanzwe zo gukora zikoresha imirongo mito cyane, microvia, n'ibintu bito cyane bikenewe muri telefoni zigezweho, ibikoresho bya IoT, na mudasobwa zigezweho.
Izindi nzira zo kubaka urwego rw'inyongera
1. Ifu ya Dielectric yo gushyiramo ibice by'imbere
2. Gucukura imiyoboro y'amazi hakoreshejwe laser (Laser)
3. Gukoresha metallization mu buryo butagaragara
4. Gushushanya no gushushanya ibimenyetso by'ishusho
5. Ingendo zo kongera kwiyongera
